Total vs. Partial Knee Replacement: Understanding Your Surgical Options

Knee replacement surgeries are increasingly common as arthritis and degenerative joint diseases affect nearly 24% of U.S. adults. These procedures relieve pain, restore mobility, and improve the quality of life. 

At Louisville Hip & Knee Institute, conveniently located in Louisville, Kentucky, our board-certified orthopaedic surgeons specialize in advanced knee replacement techniques designed to help patients across Jefferson County and surrounding areas regain mobility and confidence. Depending on the extent of joint damage, orthopaedic surgeons recommend either a total or partial knee replacement.

What is Total Knee Replacement?

Total knee replacement, or total knee arthroplasty, is a procedure for individuals with severe arthritis in multiple compartment of the knee. In total knee replacement:

• Damaged bone and cartilage are removed from the femur, tibia, and patella (if needed).
• The joint surfaces are replaced with a metal cap with a medical-grade plastic prosthetic in between.
• The surgery, lasting about one hour, can be performed under general or spinal anesthesia.

Total knee replacement offers reliable pain relief, increased stability, and a high success rate. Approximately 85-90% of patients report improved knee function. Most implants last 20 years or more. Our Louisville surgical team uses state-of-the-art technology and minimally invasive techniques to reduce downtime and get you back to daily activities faster.

What is Partial Knee Replacement?

Partial knee replacement, also called unicompartmental knee replacement, is less invasive than total knee replacement. It focuses only on the damaged knee section and preserves more of the knee’s anatomy. It is ideal for patients with arthritis confined to a single compartment.

In partial knee replacement:

• Only the damaged knee section is removed and replaced with a new joint surface.
• The healthy areas of the knee are preserved.

Patients often experience quicker recovery, less postoperative pain, and a more natural knee function.

Recovery and Expectations

Recovery experiences can differ for total and partial knee replacement, depending on individual health and rehabilitation commitment:

The majority of partial and total knee replacements are performed in an outpatient setting.  Physical therapy begins shortly after surgery. Patients will start with using a walker and then progress to a cane.  Continued physical therapy to improve range of motion and strength is essential to ensure optimal results.  

Choosing the Right Procedure

Deciding between total and partial knee replacement depends on age, activity level, and the extent of knee damage. Partial knee replacement may offer a quicker recovery with better flexibility for those with uni-compartmental arthritis. However, total knee replacement may be more appropriate for those with severe arthritis, providing durable, long-term relief.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How do I know if I need a knee replacement? If you experience chronic knee pain, stiffness, or limited mobility that doesn’t improve with medication, physical therapy, or injections, it may be time to consider knee replacement surgery. Our Louisville specialists can evaluate your condition using imaging and motion assessments to determine the best next steps.
2. Is knee replacement surgery available on an outpatient basis in Louisville? Yes. Louisville Hip & Knee Institute offers outpatient total and partial knee replacement procedures, allowing many patients to return home the same day. This approach can reduce infection risk and speed up recovery.
3. What’s the average recovery time after surgery? Recovery varies depending on the procedure type and individual health. Partial replacements often recover in two to three months, while total replacements may take three to six months. Our team provides tailored rehabilitation plans for every patient in the greater Louisville area.
4. Will I need physical therapy after knee replacement? Yes. Physical therapy is crucial to restoring strength and motion. We partner with trusted Louisville rehabilitation centers to ensure patients receive consistent, effective post-surgical support.
5. How long do knee implants typically last? Most implants last 20 years or longer with proper care. According to the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), more than 80% last 25 years or longer. 
6. Is there an age limit for knee replacement surgery? There’s no strict age limit. Many of our Louisville-area patients in their 40s, 50s, and 70s experience excellent outcomes. The key factor is overall health, not age.
7. What should I expect during my consultation? During your consultation, our orthopaedic specialists will review your medical history, perform an examination, and discuss both total and partial replacement options. You’ll receive a personalized recommendation based on your activity level, goals, and lifestyle.

If you’re considering knee replacement surgery, whether partial or total, schedule a consultation with our skilled orthopaedic specialists at Louisville Hip and Knee Institute. We provide personalized evaluations to help you understand your options and select the best approach for your needs, supporting you through every step of the recovery process. Start your journey to pain relief and a more active life with expert care.