Medial compartment arthritis is a form of knee osteoarthritis primarily affecting the knee joint’s inner (medial) portion. It occurs when the cartilage cushioning the bones in this area wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased mobility. As the cartilage deteriorates, the bones can rub against each other, causing inflammation and discomfort.

Several factors can contribute to the development of medial compartment arthritis, including:

• Age: The risk of arthritis increases with age as cartilage naturally degenerates over time.
• Obesity: Excess weight strains the knee joint, accelerating cartilage breakdown.
• Injury: Previous knee injuries, such as fractures or ligament tears, can predispose the joint to arthritis.
• Repetitive Stress: Activities that place repeated stress on the knee joint, such as heavy lifting or high-impact sports, may increase the risk.
• Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis can make you more susceptible.
• Alignment Issues: Conditions like bow-leggedness (varus deformity) can increase pressure on the medial compartment, damaging cartilage.

Medical Evaluation

A thorough medical history and physical examination will help identify symptoms and assess knee function. During the exam, your doctor may check for tenderness, swelling, and range of motion.

Imaging Tests

• X-rays: To detect joint space narrowing, bone spurs, or alignment issues.
• MRI: Provides detailed images of cartilage, ligaments, and other soft tissues to assess the extent of damage.

Treatment for medial compartment arthritis aims to reduce pain, improve function, and slow disease progression. Depending on the severity of your condition, options may include:

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Lifestyle Modifications: Weight loss and activity adjustments to reduce strain on the knee.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen surrounding muscles, improve joint stability, and enhance flexibility.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain and inflammation.
• Bracing: Unloader braces can help redistribute weight away from the medial compartment.
• Injections:
  • Corticosteroids: Provide short-term relief by reducing inflammation.
  • Hyaluronic Acid: Improves joint lubrication and reduces stiffness.

Surgical Treatments

If conservative measures fail to provide relief, surgical options may be considered:

• Arthroscopy: A minimally invasive procedure to remove loose cartilage, torn meniscus or bone fragments.
• Partial Knee Replacement: Replaces only the medial compartment with prosthetic components, preserving healthy knee parts.
• Total Knee Replacement: Recommended for advanced arthritis involving multiple knee compartments.

Louisville Hip & Knee Institute treats inner knee arthritis. Our orthopaedic team uses proven treatments based on your specific needs. We help you return to daily activities through careful planning, modern surgical options, and supportive care.

At Louisville Hip & Knee Institute, our orthopaedic specialists are here to help you find relief from knee pain. Whether you need non-surgical care or advanced surgical solutions, we’ll guide you every step of the way. Schedule a consultation today and take the first step toward a pain-free life.

What are the early signs of medial compartment arthritis?
Early symptoms may include occasional knee pain or stiffness, particularly on the inner side of the knee. These can become more noticeable after periods of inactivity, such as first thing in the morning or after sitting for extended periods. If you experience these symptoms consistently, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider for early diagnosis and management.

Can medial compartment arthritis affect my ability to walk?
Yes, medial compartment arthritis can make walking difficult, especially if the condition causes significant pain or stiffness in the knee. Individuals may sometimes develop a limp or avoid certain activities, such as climbing stairs or squatting. Treatments like physical therapy or joint injections help improve mobility.

Is surgery always necessary for medial compartment arthritis?
No, surgery is not always required. Many individuals manage symptoms effectively through non-surgical treatments such as physical therapy, lifestyle modifications, and medications. Surgery is typically considered when conservative methods do not provide sufficient relief or when the condition has progressed significantly.

How can weight management help with medial compartment arthritis?
Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce strain on the knee joint, particularly in individuals with medial compartment arthritis. Extra weight places additional pressure on the knee, accelerating cartilage breakdown. Weight loss and targeted exercises can help reduce symptoms and improve joint function.

Are there non-surgical alternatives to knee replacement for medial compartment arthritis?
Several non-surgical treatments can provide relief, including physical therapy, bracing, medications, and injections (e.g., corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid). For more advanced cases, partial knee replacement may preserve healthy areas of the knee. Your doctor will discuss all treatment options with you based on the severity of your condition.

How long does recovery take after knee surgery for medial compartment arthritis?
Recovery time varies depending on the type of surgery performed. Minimally invasive procedures like arthroscopy may require a shorter recovery period, while more complex surgeries, such as partial knee replacement, can take several weeks to months to fully recover. Your doctor will provide specific guidance based on your surgery and health factors.