Osteoarthritis of the hip is a degenerative joint disease that occurs when the protective cartilage cushioning the ends of the bones in the hip joint wears down over time. This condition leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, significantly impacting daily activities. Osteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis, particularly in older adults, but it can also affect younger individuals due to injury or genetic factors.

Causes

• Cartilage Breakdown: Repeated stress on the hip joint leads to the gradual breakdown of cartilage.
• Joint Injury: Previous injuries, such as fractures or dislocations, can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis.
• Abnormal Joint Shape: Conditions like hip dysplasia or certain bone deformities can cause uneven wear on the joint, leading to pain and stiffness.

Risk Factors

• Age: Osteoarthritis is more common in individuals over 50.
• Obesity: Excess weight places additional stress on the hip joint.
• Genetics: A family history of osteoarthritis increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
• Repetitive Stress: Certain occupations or sports that involve repetitive hip motion can contribute to joint damage.

To diagnose osteoarthritis of the hip, your physician will conduct a thorough evaluation, including:

• Medical History: Discussing symptoms, lifestyle, and family history of arthritis.
• Physical Examination: Assessing the range of motion, joint stability, and tenderness.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays reveal joint space narrowing, bone spurs, and other signs of arthritis. An MRI may be recommended for a detailed view of cartilage and soft tissues in some cases.

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers, anti-inflammatory drugs, or corticosteroid injections to reduce pain and swelling.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen muscles, improve flexibility, and reduce joint stress.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Weight management, low-impact activities, and assistive devices like canes.
• Heat and Cold Therapy: Applying heat to relax muscles or cold to reduce swelling and numb pain.

Surgical Treatments

If conservative measures fail to relieve symptoms, surgical options may be considered:

• Hip Arthroscopy: Minimally invasive surgery to remove damaged cartilage or bone spurs.
• Total Hip Replacement: Replacing the damaged hip joint with a prosthetic joint for long-term pain relief and improved mobility.

At Louisville Hip & Knee Institute, we provide comprehensive care for hip osteoarthritis tailored to your specific needs. Our orthopaedic team works with you to find treatments that fit your needs. We offer non-surgical options and surgery to help reduce your pain and improve movement.

What is osteoarthritis of the hip?
Osteoarthritis of the hip is a degenerative joint condition that occurs when cartilage wears down, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It is a common form of arthritis, especially in older adults, though it can also affect younger individuals due to injury or genetic predisposition.

What causes osteoarthritis of the hip?
Osteoarthritis develops due to cartilage breakdown, joint injuries, abnormal joint shape, and repetitive stress. Risk factors include aging, obesity, genetics, and certain occupations or activities.

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip?

• Pain in the groin, thigh, or buttocks that worsens with activity
• Stiffness, especially after inactivity
• Grinding or grating sensations in the joint
• Swelling or inflammation
• Difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or performing daily activities

How is osteoarthritis of the hip diagnosed?

• Medical History: Your doctor will review your symptoms, lifestyle, and family history.
• Physical Examination: Joint stability, range of motion, and tenderness are assessed.
• Imaging Tests: X-rays or MRIs provide detailed views of joint damage and cartilage loss.

What are the treatment options for osteoarthritis of the hip?
Non-Surgical Treatments:

• Medications (pain relievers, anti-inflammatories, or corticosteroid injections)
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility
• Lifestyle changes, such as weight management or using assistive devices
• Heat and cold therapy to relieve pain and swelling

Surgical Treatments:

• Hip arthroscopy to remove damaged cartilage or bone spurs
• Total hip replacement for advanced cases

When is surgery necessary for hip osteoarthritis?
Surgery is typically recommended when non-surgical treatments no longer provide relief. Severe joint damage, significant pain, or difficulty performing daily activities are common reasons for considering surgical options.

How can I manage osteoarthritis of the hip at home?

• Engage in low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling.
• Use heat or cold packs to relieve symptoms.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the joints.
• Incorporate assistive devices such as canes or walkers as needed.

What is a total hip replacement?
A total hip replacement involves removing and replacing the damaged joint with a prosthetic joint. This procedure can significantly reduce pain and improve mobility in patients with severe osteoarthritis.